Thomas Jefferson Essays (8234 words) - Thomas Jefferson,

Thomas Jefferson Tragically, present day Americans appear to have made a superior showing protecting what Thomas Jefferson has left us in blocks and mortar than we have saving his thoughts. Travelers visiting Charlottesville, Virginia, can observer firsthand the continuous endeavors to save Jefferson's home at Monticello just as his awesome little Academical Village, the Lawn, which is as yet an indispensable focus of understudy life at the University of Virginia. Further not far off, close to Lynchburg, Virginia, preservationists have started reestablishing Poplar Forest, Jefferson's retreat home. Researchers have been less fruitful in keeping alive his way of thinking, especially his thoughts regarding government - in spite of the bounteous record he left in his works. Ken Burns' ongoing PBS narrative, Thomas Jefferson, is an a valid example. It includes a motorcade of researchers who all the while announce their own failure to get Jefferson, and misdirect others with translations of his life and felt that are as sketchy as they are conflicting. Consumes illuminates the watcher, for instance, such Jefferson's reality was loaded with logical inconsistencies: the man of the individuals with the flavors of a blue-blood, the regular rights logician who possessed slaves, the long lasting boss of little government who dramatically increased the size of the United States, etc. The vast majority of these supposed inconsistencies truly aren't as contradictory as they show up, for they depend on broken presumptions or false impressions of standards. Joseph Ellis, for instance, reasserts the bromide - basic among present day liberal scholastics - that the goals of equity and the quest for bliss, as communicated in Jefferson's Declaration of Independence, are out of reach or opposing. Be that as it may, there's nothing opposing about uniformity of rights and every individual's quest for satisfaction, if the idea of rights is appropriately comprehended. Herbert Spencer's law of equivalent opportunity, the extreme Whigs' idea of character istic freedom, and Jefferson's idea of common society all represented how the two can cooperate. The way that a large number of the present intelligent people basically don't get it uncovers considerably more about them than it does about Jefferson. Misinterpretations of Jefferson's political reasoning appear to be pandemic nowadays. The 1993 festivals of the 250th commemoration of Jefferson's introduction to the world, for instance, ordinarily supported his notoriety for being father of American popular government. Boss Justice William Rehnquist, talking at the University of Virginia, resounded the perspectives on numerous Jefferson researchers that the perpetual quality of Jefferson lived not in his particular speculations or demonstrations of government, yet in his equitable confidence. While it is positively obvious that Jefferson was a main defender of agent majority rule government - in Democracy in America , Alexis de Tocqueville considered Jefferson the most impressive promoter popular government has ever sent forward - his dedication to vote based system was neither outright nor unfit. Undoubtedly, Tocqueville thought it critical that Jefferson once cautioned James Madison that the oppression of the council was the peri l most to be dreaded in American government. To Jefferson, vote based system and its related standards - lion's share rule, equivalent rights, direct portrayal of the individuals in government - were important, not as closures in themselves, yet as basic intends to a more prominent end, the expansion of individual opportunity in common society. Freedom was Jefferson's most elevated worth; he devoted his life to what he once called the sacred reason for freedom.1 A Radical Whig What over and again drew Jefferson away from his serene local life at Monticello and go into the political quarrel was accurately that sacred reason for opportunity, to which he felt compelled by a solemn obligation at whatever point he saw freedom compromised by an amazing focal government - regardless of whether it was the British government under King George III or the United States government under Federalist organizations. His enthusiasm for this reason was reflected in the language that he utilized in his political works. Jefferson, the ardent safeguard of strict opportunity, would in general use words, for example, heavenly, conventional, or catholic while talking about political, not strict, standards; he held words, for example, blasphemer or backslider to reprimand government officials whom he viewed as the adversaries of freedom. He summarized his labor of love in a letter composed generally right off the bat in his open vocation, in 1790, not long after his arrival to the United States following his ambassadorship to France. [T]he ground of freedom is to be picked up by inches . . . [W]e must be placated to make sure about what we

Economic Globalisation and Competition

Monetary Globalization and Competition 1. Presentation Rivalry is an imperative system of the market economy and is a proficient methods for ensuring purchasers a degree of value as far as the worth and cost of items and administrations. Financial globalization includes expanded unstable development inside universal exchange and accordingly in subject of rivalry law. Article 81(1) of the EC Treaty ‘prohibits understandings between endeavors; choices by relationship of endeavors and purposeful practices which may influence exchange between Member States and which forestall limit or twist competition’. These understandings will be void as indicated by 81(2). Be that as it may, the understandings which fulfill the conditions set out in article 81(3) EC will not be denied, no earlier choice with that impact being required. 1.1. Hostile to Competitive Agreements Article 81 of the EC Treaty, denying against serious understandings, must be considered according to every single business concurrence with a likely EU cross-outskirt sway. The Horizontal and the Vertical understandings are the understandings, which are important for the motivations behind the utilization of the opposition rules. Even understandings are those between endeavors working at a similar degree of creation or showcasing, while vertical understandings are those finished between endeavors working at various monetary levels. Under EC Competition Law, limits remembered for vertical understandings are viewed as not as much harming than those remembered for flat understandings. In Consten and Grundig v Commission the European Court of Justice thought about that Article 81(1) EC applies not exclusively to even understandings yet in addition to vertical understandings. The later decisional practice of the Commission on the treatment of vertical game plans under Art 81(1) and 81(3) EC, and the case law of the Community Courts, have been one of the most disputable and seriously reprimanded parts of Community rivalry arrangement. These understandings are significant for the working of the economy. Business understandings might be excluded from the utilization of article 81(1) under article 81(3). 1.2. The Vertical Block Exemption Regulation Notwithstanding, there is a ‘safe harbour’ for endeavors: the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation 2790/1999. Safe harbors exist for specific understandings including limitations giving conditions are met so understandings falling inside the details of the Regulation are absolved from the utilization of Article 81(1) EC ensuring the enforceability of the understanding and conceding security from antitrust arraignment. Along these lines, if endeavors wish to be sure that their vertical understandings are in accordance with EC rivalry law, they ought to concur on provisions inside the extent of the Regulation. Outside this sheltered harbor, the European Commission’s Notice Guidelines on Vertical Restraints are a useful guide for the appraisal under Art 81(3) EC and are clarifying the utilization of Regulation 2790/1999 and the Commission’s way to deal with vertical limitations. The Guidelines on Vertical Restraints sets out the standards for the evaluation of vertical understandings under Article 81, including the use of the Regulation to vertical understandings. Article 2(1) of the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation gives the meaning of vertical understandings and states that Article 81(1) will not have any significant bearing to ‘agreements or deliberate practices went into between at least two endeavors every one of which works, for the motivations behind the understanding, at an alternate degree of the creation or circulation chain, and identifying with the conditions under which the gatherings may buy, sell or exchange certain merchandise or services’. The Commission received the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation on 1999 and the new Block Exemption Regulation is normal in 2010. Adjustments may remain very restricted and may concern, particularly, the introduction of increasingly certain principles on online business, on web deals and the treatment of resale cost upkeep. 1.3. Extent of Application of the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation The goal of the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation is to absolve certain classes of vertical understandings that, under specific conditions, may improve financial productivity inside a creation or appropriation chain and is aimed at vertical understandings for the buy or offer of merchandise or administrations. The Regulation spreads different vertical understandings and applies to an understanding went into organizations, which don't work at a similar degree of the creation or circulation chain. Understandings are secured by the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation on diversifying, particular dispersion, selective managing, restrictive buying, elite gracefully, and non-veritable office understandings inside the extent of Article 81. An organization understanding falls outside article 81(1) where the specialist bears no or just unimportant dangers corresponding to both of these issues. Article 81(1) doesn't have any significant bearing to specific understandings or purposeful practices went into between at least two endeavors. The idea of an endeavor was talked about in Hofner and Elser v Matrocton. It was expressed that: â€Å"The idea of an endeavor includes each element occupied with financial movement paying little mind to the legitimate status of the element and the manner in which it is financed†. The meaning of contending endeavors in Article 1(b) remembers real or potential providers for a similar item advertise. The rejection might be very wide and questionable in application. In Tetra Pack I it was viewed as that an agreement inside the particulars of the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation appreciates exception from Article 81(1), yet not from article 82 except if the Commission pulls back the exclusion for the future, with a choice. The Regulation doesn't make a difference, be that as it may, to vertical understandings to lease and rent understandings, as no deal happens and to understandings which have as their essential item the authorizing of protected innovation rights, nor car conveyance understandings, nor understandings between contenders, aside from on the off chance that they are subordinate to a vertical understanding and encourage the buy, deal or resale of the agreement products or administrations by the purchaser and vertical understandings whose topic falls inside the extent of another square exception guideline. Additionally, the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation doesn't cover any limitations or commitments that don't identify with the states of procurement, deal and resale. The Regulation doesn't have any significant bearing to vertical concurrences with a topic that falls inside the extent of some other Block Exemption Regulation. The use of the Regulation, in specific conditions, can be pulled back by a choice of the European Commission, or the national rivalry specialists. Additionally, the European Commission can sanction a guideline announcing the Regulation typically inapplicable to specific understandings including explicit limitations. 1.4. Understandings between Competitors The Vertical Block Exemption Regulation doesn't cover vertical understandings that are finished up on a complementary premise between contenders. This rejection might be expansive in light of the fact that it incorporates both genuine and potential contenders, with the last being characterized as organizations that would be capable and prone to enter the market inside one year. Vertical understandings between contenders are secured by the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation if the understanding is non-equal and the purchaser has a turnover not surpassing â‚ ¬100 million or the purchaser isn't a producer of contending merchandise yet just a contender of the provider at the conveyance level. Likewise, are secured and where the provider is a supplier of administrations working at a few degrees of exchange, while the purchaser doesn't give contending administrations at the degree of exchange where it buys the agreement administrations. 1.5. Outline Article 81(1) EC disallows understandings which have hostile to serious impacts. By sanctioning the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation, the Commission has set up ‘safe harbors’ for endeavors, that blueprint conditions with respect to when vertical understandings and coordinated practices that have an enemy of serious reason or results and would be precluded under article 81(1) may be worthy since they fulfill the standards of article 81(3). At the point when an understanding satisfies the conditions set out in the Regulation, the understanding is substantial and enforceable. The Vertical Block Exemption Regulation is a measure under European Union law that gives an exception from the use of Article 81. Understandings that meet the conditions set out in the Regulation are considered either not to antagonistically influence rivalry on the applicable European market(s) or just to influence rivalry to a certain point. It is currently time to look at if the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation has worked and whether the Regulation and the vertical Guidelines are need any adjustment, and, assuming this is the case, what must be finished. PART I Necessities of the Application of the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation The Vertical Block Exemption Regulation contains certain necessities that must be fulfilled previously, for the vertical understanding can profit by the Regulation. The piece of the overall industry of the provider must not surpass 30% (Article 3). Additionally the understanding must not contain any of the in-your-face limitations (Article 4). At last, the Regulation contains conditions identifying with three certain limitations (Article 5). 2. The Market Share Cap The Market Share limit is likely one of the most significant arrangements of the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation. In Article 3(1) is expressed that ‘the piece of the overall industry held by the provider doesn't surpass 30% of the significant market on which it sells the agreement merchandise or services’. Likewise, Article 3(2) states that ‘in the instance of vertical understandings containing selective gracefully commitments, the exception accommodated in Ar

File Reading Part II - Academics and Strength of Curriculum - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

File Reading Part II - Academics and Strength of Curriculum - UGA Undergraduate Admissions File Reading Part II Academics and Strength of Curriculum From January through mid-March, the admissions staff will hide out in our offices and read files during our holistic file reading process. There are six main areas that we look at in our file reading process, and this post covers the second two areas, focusing on a students academics and the strength of curriculum. While we look at these sections in our initial review of applications, we now look at them in much more detail. Academic Review When we look at a students transcript during the holistic review process, we are trying to understand how a student has progressed over their 3+ years in high school. Have they been consistently strong throughout the years, did they start slow and then jump up to all As, did they have a tough time in a specific subject, are all their Bs low or high Bs, etc. We then use this in combination with the other factors impacting their life, from family issues that occurred where we saw a dip in grades to how a student did once they got into a specific AP course. If a student made a D in Geometry in 10th grade, did they bounce back from it or keep on a downward trend. If there is a downward trend or low grade, we also want to know if there were any mitigating circumstances that led to this issue. All of these factors help us understand the overall picture that the transcript gives us. Three quick warnings/notes on grades: First, we are only looking at core academic work, not PE, Health, Drivers Ed, etc. While your high school may put these classes into your overall GPA, we are not focusing on these course grades. Second, we focus on grades, not on the GPA or rank that is on your transcript. We are looking at how you have done each term in your academic classes, and so when I talk about this area, I try to talk about actual grades. Third, growth in one term, especially the first semester of your senior year, does not count as a trend. If you have Bs and Cs for three years, then suddenly wake up and start making As, we look at this, but it is not a grade trend, this is a grade spike. A trend is a relatively constant movement, while a spike is a sudden shift. If you have a grade spike (hopefully upwards), I am wondering why you did not make this jump earlier. In addition, we will be looking at an applicants SAT and ACT scores, with a focus on the best subscores from all tests, and using either the SAT or the ACT (with Writing), whichever is stronger. If a student has not done as well on one score type, we will not look at this, but instead we will focus on the better score. In addition, we focus on the individual subscores, and with the ACT, we look at the subscores that have shown to predict success in college (the ACT English, Math and English/Writing). We also look at test scores in connection to a students grades, trying to see if a student has performed in the classroom above or below where the test scores indicate. Strength of Curriculum First, dont ask how many AP/IB/Honors/Advanced/Dual Enrollment/Post-AP/TBE (The Best Ever!) classes are needed for admission, because there is no right answer. Instead, look at the academic opportunities both at your school and in your community for the answer. What I mean is, most competitive colleges are going to look at what academic options are available to you as a student, and what you have then chosen to take. What have you done within the context of what is available? As an example, in two different files, one high school offers 31 Honors courses and 28 AP courses (including at least four language options), while the second has 18 honors courses and 1 AP (with only two languages offered). These are just two examples, and there is an even wider range of options within the 3,000+ high schools from which we have applicants every year. In addition, we are not just counting AP classes, but looking at the depth and breadth of a students rigor in their core academic areas. I would rather see a student challenge themselves across the board with rigorous classes than to take 4 AP courses in one field, but basic courses in the rest. And dont fall for the idea that you should take the lightest load so you can make all As, because this is not a good move if applying to UGA, and it is not a good way to prepare for college. Challenge yourself to the level that you can handle, and understand that this is a serious factor in admissions at UGA. In our file reading, we are not just looking at high school courses, though, but at a students overall academic challenge. We have applicants who attend college classes in the summer, take independent study classes in addition to their high school offerings, attend Governors Honors programs (or similar options) for 4-6 weeks in specialized academic fields, and do independent research in areas in which they are passionate. I still remember the applicant who drove one hour across Los Angeles to take entomology classes (his intended major at UGA), traveled to South America to study insects in the rain forest, and worked with college faculty on research projects. Now, dont run out and start collecting bugs right this minute, but instead understand the broad spectrum of what makes up academic opportunities. In addition, dont suddenly post replies asking if X,Y or Z activity counts. Just understand that we look at the whole of a students academic options, and how they have taken advantage of these opportunities.

Effects Of Alcohol On The Alcoholic Beverage - 1335 Words

The alcoholic beverage has long been a key element of our social world and has grown into a way of life for many. It is something that is at almost every party that we attend, it is advertised on television, and is promoted by many celebrities. People consume alcohol to celebrate an occasion, socialize with their friends or strangers, or to just simply relax. Alcohol, whether it be in the form of wine, beer, or spirits, have almost become inescapable in todays society. We often wonder the effect that is has on different individuals, and wonder why some become so heavily addicted to it while others do not. Because the prevalence of alcohol has continued to flourish in our society, the number of people who heavily consume it has increased†¦show more content†¦Some acute physical effects of having an elevated BAC level can include: reduced inhibitions, slurred speech, motor impairment, confusion, memory problems, concentration problems, breathing problems, violent behavior, bei ng involved in a car accident, or in worse case scenario, death (niaaa). When an individual finds himself or herself drinking heavily over a long period of time, they may develop chronic physical effects of alcoholism. â€Å"Alcoholism is currently listed as the third leading cause of death in our society† (dlcas). However, because many deaths related to alcohol go unreported, some believe that alcoholism could be the number one killer in today’s world (dlcas). For example, when a person dies from the failure of an organ, the role that alcohol could have played in that failure is not taken into consideration. It is no doubt that alcohol certainly has the potential to cause serious physical harm to all of the body systems. Symptoms can arise in an individual’s general appearance, such as having hand tremors, irritability, jaundice, rosacea, and swelling of the parotid gland (dlcas). The gastrointestinal tract can be affected by alcoholism producing symptoms of dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea that is recurrent, abdominal pain, hypo or hyperglycemia, and can damage the liver (dlcas). Alcoholism can also affect the cardiovascular system, respiratory systems, central nervous

My Personal Philosophy of Education Essay - 681 Words

Philosophy of Education Education is the process of learning that can take place anywhere and at any time. I believe that creativity and activity as well as books and lessons are essential to the learning process. As a teacher, I hope to instill in the children a sense of knowledge and self-worth that will remain with them throughout their lives. Education is important not only to maintain daily life, but also to become someone who contributes to society. Without education people have no chance to impact the lives of others in their own community. I want to give the children I teach a chance to give back to their community and society. Although ethics and morals are constantly being†¦show more content†¦Wanting to become a kindergarten teacher, I strongly believe in the value of good elementary schools. I think the emphasis of the curriculum should be on the four major subjects: language, math, science, and social studies. The extras, computer, art, music, and physical education, should be taught as well, but without the strong emphasis. I believe this because I have seen many students in high schools that cannot recall basic knowledge in the major subjects because either they were not taught it or it was not emphasized to the extent needed to remember it. In terms of philosophy, I feel I benefit most from the pragmatic approach to teaching. This approach states that teachers feel the classroom is a community of learners, not just a teacher standing in front of a group of students. I believe this is true because it is my opinion that if the teacher is learning and exploring along with the students, the students are more likely to be involved and interested in what is being taught. I also believe the strategies of teaching by problem solving and encouraging democratic procedures are the most profitable in today’s society. My beliefs in student involved activities, emphasis of curriculum, and democratic classroom management are all part of the pragmatic approach. My plans are to become an early education teacher. Preferably pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, or first grade teacher. I will always be a kidShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Education1046 Words   |  5 Pagesmanipulate the information for their own use in the future. Choosing between the four, I would say my philosophical views line up more as an essentialist. My philosophy of education, is that every teacher and student has an environment where they are challenged, yet still encouraged, in their instructional matter and teaching and learning strategies to prepare them to meet the goals set upon them. A philosophy is a search for wisdom in a particular area; it builds a framework of thinking, and guides instructionalRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education997 Words   |  4 Pages Philosophy of Education Discovering the place where personal values and expertise meet organizational values and needs offers a dynamic partnership opportunity. Mutual achievement of organizational academic quality and professional fulfillment provides a positive learning environment. Developing a personal philosophy of education enables an educator to understand and communicate the underlying basis for his or her approach to education. Sharing this philosophy provides valuable information forRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1476 Words   |  6 Pages871 Foundations of Higher Education Summer 2015 Instructor: Joel Abaya, PhD Personal Philosophy of Education Submitted by: Wessam Elamawy . Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction: From the very beginning of my life I recognized the importance of higher education. I am 34 years old. I am Egyptian. I was born in a highly educated family . My father earned a Ph.D. in chemistry. My uncle earned a Ph.D. in Engineering . My aunt is a doctor. My grandparents were highly educatedRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy of Education958 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Education It is customary that on New Year’s Eve, we make New Year resolution. The fact is that we are making a set of guideline that we want to live by. These are motives that we seek to achieve. In a similar way, teachers live by philosophy. This essay focuses on my personal philosophy of education. It unfolds the function of philosophy in a teacher’s life, my view on the purpose of education, the student teacher- relationship and the philosophy which influences myRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Education1844 Words   |  8 PagesMy philosophy of education is romanticism. According to Ryan, Cooper, and Bolick, romanticism can be defined as â€Å"a child-centered philosophy of education that condemns the influences of society and suggests that a child’s natural curiosity and the natural world should be used to teach.† I am a believer in â€Å"gaining knowledge through sensory experiences and interactions with your peers† (Ryan, Cooper, a nd Bolick, 2016). I agree with this philosophy because it says that the needs of the student areRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1443 Words   |  6 PagesThese beliefs of education are known as the philosophy of education. The philosophy of education is defined as the influences of what is taught and how the students will be taught. Throughout my study in my education class and past experiences, my mind was expanded and I acquired sufficient knowledge to develop my own concept of my personal philosophy of education. First, I will clarify the reasons why I choose the profession of being an educator. The first reason has been my parents influenceRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education966 Words   |  4 Pages Personal Philosophy of Education Allyson C. Taylor EDUC 542 Dr. M. Derrick Regent University The definition of curriculum can be as mysterious as the curriculum itself. Oliva (2013) described the hunt for the curriculum as being similar to â€Å"efforts to track down Bigfoot, the Bear Lake Monster, [and] the Florida Everglades Skunk Ape †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 2). All of these elusive beings have left tracks, yet there isn’t a single photograph to prove their existence—just likeRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1335 Words   |  6 Pagesteaching style in the â€Å"Finding Your Philosophy of Education Quiz.† While I enjoyed learning about the different philosophies and psychological influences of teaching, I prefer constructivism, social reconstruction, and progressivism due to their student-centered learning, hands-on or project based learning style, while making efforts to improve the world around them. I will be discussing why I chose progressivism, social reconstruction, and constructivism as my preferences, as well as the role ofRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education873 Words   |  4 Pagesis a meaningful education? Throughout time many philosopher and educators have pondered on this question, leading to the development of theories and concepts that are present in the classroom today. In my personal experience, an educator philosophy is built over a course of time which is based on their knowledge and experience. An educator belief system is like a river, it changes and matures throughout its course, bending and changing as it progresses. Throughout the course of my educational careerRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1152 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction My personal philosophy of education relies on the fundamental belief that every individual has inherent value, therefore designating education as an environment where students may grow in their self-worth through academic and relational support. Thus, the purpose of education is to provide individuals with the opportunity to learn about both content and about self, growing in their identity. Within this personal philosophy of education, I will further detail the aim of education, the role

An exploration into play, provision and pedagogy Free Essays

Greek children enjoyed making balls for pigs’ bladders showing heir creativity side and Roman children liked to play with toy soldiers. They also took part In running and Jumping games and piggybacked flights. Hoops were made out of the iron frames of wheels. We will write a custom essay sample on An exploration into play, provision and pedagogy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Depending on the society in which children live, children’s play would be reflected. In the case of Greek and Roman children, physical activities took place alongside adults. During this period, play was never documented as it was not considered worthy of doing so. By the 18th Century play was valued. Rousseau believed that children should be able to roam freely and explore the outdoors ready to learn and read through play. He believed that children looked at play and work as a whole and that children should play as a right for it showed their potential. In 1998, Scratch and Spoke (2007, pap) describe two approaches to play in the 19th and 20th centuries; classical and modern dynamic. The classical theories were to explain the reason that play existed. The reasons being: – The relaxation theory in which individuals recharge energy that they exhaust in work. Therefore play is relaxation and a source of energy before beginning work again. – The surplus energy theory, in contrast to the relaxation theory, viewed play as a means of eliminating excess energy. Play therefore was regarded as an instinctive behavior with no immediate goal. Herbert Spence’s theory was heavily influenced by the work of Schaller. – Play as pre-exercise. According to this perspective play is an instinctive way of preparing children for adult life. Play experiences are similar to those they will experience as adults, and therefore children are rehearsing adult skills In their play. Gross adopted this view in the late nineteenth century, he believed play was functional and characterized by undefined activity, pleasure and dominated by process rather than reduce. He believed that experimental play developed mental skills and self-control, and Imitative play developed Inter-personal skills. In contrast to the classical theories. The modern perspectives have a different view on the context of play. The theorists 1 OFF that Piglet believed children’s knowledge was increased through engaging with the environment. He studied play primarily from a cognitive viewpoint. From Piglet’s perspective, learning takes place through two processes, these being ‘assimilation’ and ‘accommodation’. Assimilation is when new knowledge is accepted from the oral and accommodation is adapting this new information to make links with previously developed understanding or schemas. Piglet believed that learning is a continuing process of adaptation to the environment. Piglet viewed the child’s development as leading learning, with play having a strong influence on development. Therefore play has an important educational purpose however Piglet paid less attention to the role of language in learning. McLeod (2007) states that Weights believed all children’s learning happened within a social context. He was a social constructivist and in his theory he placed the support of others such as adults which is well known as scaffolding. These adults are as central to developing children’s understanding. Therefore, language makes a critical contribution to the development of the child’s learning. The adult has a distinct role in moving children on from their present, to their potential development. In contrast to Piglet, Weights understood learning to lead development. He believed children create play that has purpose which in turn determines their affective states. Weights stated that the child’s greatest achievements were possible in play because: ‘In play a child behaves ended his average age, above his daily behavior; in play it is as though he were a head taller than himself (Augusto 1978: 102). Essentially then, the child moves forward through play activity. One approach to play in which the setting have shown some links to is Regis Emilie. This approach believes that collaboration and documentation is vital to a child’s development. Regis also sees the environment as the third teacher. The settings behavior policy (2013 p. L) states that We place great emphasis on our values of mutual trust and respect for all and for the community ND environment in which we live’ This can therefore link into the fact of the environment acting as a third teacher as the children are able to use the outdoors area for a number of different occasions such as learning days and playtime’s. The settings play provision supports this evidence as the main form of play which is offered is free play. Free play is when a child is able to choose what activity they would like to do, how they want to do it, when to stop and start something else. Free play does not have any external goals that are set by the adults and there isn’t a curriculum in which to follow. Although practitioners usually provide the space and resources for free play and might be involved, the children take the lean and the adult responds to cues from the children. The setting provide a set period of time when the children are able to access whatever resources they wish, including the outdoors, and they are able to develop their play and learning in this time, in their own way. Developing different hypothesis about life and make their own conclusions. The setting has a number of children that acquire challenging behavior and therefore, supports the theory of Surplus energy. Today it is evident that children have fewer opportunities for outdoor play. The environment for outdoor play is generally understudied and the role of the adult in this is frequently involved. In play children tend to seek out risks, because through these they develop their self-esteem these skills. Adults in the setting are now overly cautious and their fear reduce children’s opportunities to set themselves challenges and take risks. Early Education (2012) states that ‘Children learn and develop well in enabling environments, in which their experiences respond to their individual needs and there is a strong readership between practitioners and parents and careers. ‘ It has become evident that the behavior in the children has seen to be more challenging when the weather is bad and the outdoors area is shut. Perhaps down to the fact that the children are then not able to access all areas of play in which they feel benefits them. The setting should therefore have an undercover area, or an area in which children who feel they need to work off any additional energy that they may have, can do so. This should be accessible for these children in all weather situations. If this is not available for the children to access, then it will slow down part of their development in which play helps to aid. Children are highly motivated to play, although adults’ find defining and understanding children’s play a challenge. All aspects of development and learning are related in play, especially their cognitive development. When children have time to play, their play grows in complexity and becomes more cognitively and socially demanding. Through free play children are able to explore different materials and discover their properties which will help them then to use heir knowledge of materials to imaginative play such as role play. During role play, children are able to express their emotions and reveal their inner feelings which is a key time for the adults to be observing the children and ways in which they handle different situations. It helps to give an insight into each child’s interests. If a child is experiencing any traumatic experiences, play can help that child to deal with these in their own way which is helping them to maintain emotional balance, physical and mental health, and well-being. Free play not only lets a child to explore different activities but it also enables them to develop a sense of who they are, their value of themselves and others. Play also helps a child’s language and social development as they are learning the skills to communicate and share. Play England (2007, p. 6) state that Early pioneers in early childhood studies such as Forbore, Interiors and Steiner, who were influenced by the work of Rousseau, influenced the early year’s curriculum. They all believed that childhood is a distinctly different state from adulthood and that adults therefore should not seek to prepare children for adulthood. This is therefore in contrast with the play as pre-exercise theory. Forbore, Interiors and Steiner all believed children are self-motivating that adults have a tendency to be too dominant and cut across this motivation. Interiors, however, did not believe in play or toys. Children in her kindergartens experienced real household tasks. Forbore believed that children were strong and confident and that through play they saw things through to completion. The setting supports Steiner’s theory as he believed that children need free, creative play to develop their spirit, their bodies and heir minds and in the setting there are many different creative resources available for the children to access such as a craft area, outdoors area and role play. Steiner also believed it was important to provide real life tasks for children which will then give them a sense of belonging and connectedness to the environment and again this is achieved through the outdoor area. The setting offers the opportunity for allows children to cook different recipes based on ingredients found in the outdoors. Steiner also believed that educators needed to provide rhythm and structure in the hillside’s day. The setting has a visual timetable in order for the children to understand the structure of the day ahead. There is also circle time in which the children are able to communicate with both their peers and their adults and can talk about their own individual interests. These are then taken into account for future planned activities. However, if for whatever reason the setting is unable to stick to this plan this can confuse the children’s understanding of the day and put them on edge. It also makes it harder for practitioners to be able to take the time to observe ND document the interests of children and therefore resulting in activity plans that aren’t quite suitable to the needs of the children. In conclusion, I feel that the play provision in the setting could use a lot more structure in the sense of planned activities which are more vital to the children’s development. These activities should be based upon their interests and although it is hard to find the time in the day to document these interests, I believe it should be made a priority as the children will not gain all that they could from their play time. I also believe that the outdoors area deeds more accessible and more appropriate resources to help aid their development; not Just in there cognitive aspects but also their social and language development. How to cite An exploration into play, provision and pedagogy, Papers

Music Has Lost Its Meaning free essay sample

Back in the day a performance qualified as someone walking on stage and bearing their soul. It was about the music, and it was about the talent. Now an artist qualifies as someone who Is so bizarre, so outgoing, so appealing they can sell anything. Lately the music industry has been lacking in real talent. Many artists are truly talented, that goes without saying. But this talent tends to be hidden because of the glamour and popularity of their appearance. The reason why certain artistes are so widely popular despite their lack of talent is because they appeal to the masses.Lady Gaga is someone who has entered the world of pop culture and has taken it by storm. Behind all the crazy makeup and fashion choices, Gaga has raw talent. She can actually sing. And her songs are Gaga original. But people dont see Gaga for her vocals; they see the overexposure. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Has Lost Its Meaning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Justine Bibber has found a way to go from a small town boy to one of Americas heartthrobs. Bibber is so widely known and is selling out show after show because he appeals to the younger generation. It doesnt matter whether he can sing or not. If the masses find him attractive, he will find a way to stay famous.Its a popularity contest, and he is one of the winners. Now an artist is all about the hype. The music Is lost behind all the glitz and glam. No one notices what an artist Is trying to say when theyre distracted by fire and lights and the bizarre. It Is entertaining, no doubt about that. Its fun to see people suspended in midair doing flips, and its fun see people Jump through flaming hoops. But wheres the music? Where are the lyrics? Wheres the heart? The definition of a musical artist has evolved ND changed. Now it is not about the music, Just the appearance. It is not about the talent, Just the entertainment value. The music industry has lost most of its credibility and needs to find a way back to when It was about the feeling and the words, to when lyrics meant something and were not Just random ideas strung together nonsensically. That was when music was the greatest it has ever been. First, you should orient yourself with a marketing term known as positioning. That will help to understand how products ; styles get pigeonholed or stuck into a ay of being perceived by the general public.Fundamentally, rap is very lyric dense poetry in tight syncopation with a rhythm. Like spoken word that rhymes, with a percussion track. So, lyrics can be about ANY subject. However, due to raps typical lyric subject matter, based on the culture of those who started it, rap has position in society. Because of this position, Its difficult to create lyrical themes for rap that deal with other cultures or genres. Commercialism does manage to do this, however, this Is the point where we wonder if an artwork has lost its meaning.In other words, when McDonalds, Ford, Mountain Dew and Coors Light commercials include hot guitar solos or hot hip hop grooves with lyrics merely selling a product, its hard to maintain a special place in your soul for the genre. Its also hard for the like another burger commercial. This is why things cycle out and new things have to come in. The advertising agencies never start rotators. They pick up what the people have their attention on and try to piggyback their Junk food, clothing lines, cars, soft drinks whatever onto anything that will give their stuff the same attention.Then they will sell more. Any popular form of communication art, is subject to exploitation. Then, you have to move onward, if you are depending upon communication arts to help you get meaning from life. So, obviously this isnt simply about rap. Every genre is in the same boat. Artists have to out-create and stay ahead of the commercialism in order to stay sane and maintain meaning. The good news is that artists do keep creating. You Just have to keep up with who the real ones are. Check out the real music magazines (not the lifestyle ; fashion ones).Find out who the artists are listening to and who they like. Skip the critics, because they often represent the commercial side. Serious rap artists have to stay ahead in order to survive and keep the meaning in rap. If they sell out, rap Just becomes a product that people grow bored with. Because of this position, its difficult to create lyrical themes for rap that deal with other cultures or genres.

A System Analyst Essays (429 words) - Systems Analysis,

A System Analyst A System Analyst A Systems Analyst analyses, designs and implements the information gathered previously to a system, the final product which is a report of yearly sales, profits, etc. The first thing a Systems Analyst does is to interview the company which wants the report, (called the user) to find out what kind of report they want, format, etc. They must find whether the report is feasible or not, and to find out, they do an analysis of the project. To analyze the project, they must find out where are they going to get the information, how, when is the project going to be done, etc. They then design the system, which is to make a 'skeleton' of the project. They write specifications, of what is to be in the final report. They do flowcharting, specifications for the programmers of the report, and development control. Development control is where the Systems Analyst works with the programmers along a critical path. A critical path is like a due date, if the report is to be done in thirty days, the Systems Analyst makes sure the report is done in thirty days. The Systems Analyst also follows the first analysis of when the project will be finished. The critical path also calculates how many man hours it will take to finish, etc. A critical path flowchart also helps the programmers along. After the development is finished and a prototype of the report is finished, the Systems Analyst helps the programmers in testing the program for bugs. This is similar to quality control. The Systems Analyst helps to makes sure the work is done until the final report is achieved. Once the final report is finished and free of bugs, it is sent to the user. Th e Systems Analyst has a big job to do, he/she is responsible for the design, the development, and implementation of the report, ie: what purpose will it serve, presentation, etc. The Systems Analyst creates and helps finish the final product, making all the specifications and charts for what is to be done. A Systems Analyst requires a computer science degree to get the job. He/She must have good analytical skills, (to be able to analyze for the report) good communication skills, and experience in programming is a help also. Basically a Systems Analyst is responsible for systems projects, from beginning to the end of a project, and they must implement the system to good use. The Systems Analyst then must follow up to make sure the program is running smoothly._ Computers and Internet Essays

Free Essays on Media Images Of Drugs

Depiction of Drugs in the Electronic Media â€Å"Because of the clear and present danger of Schedule I and II drugs, the electronic news media should reinforce our negative evaluations of Schedule I and II drugs by depicting them as causes of social evils† is a statement that has been debated for years. Should the electronic news media be held responsible for the way that they depict drugs? People have com accustomed to automatically believing the things they see on television and the news. Due to the electronic news media’s extreme influence over the people who follow the media, there is some truth to the above statement. People are influenced by the views of the media, so the media should carefully decide the way they want to depict Schedule I and II drugs in their stories and broadcasts. In my opinion, the news media should take a negative stance towards drugs. The electronic media has a great influence over the way the public sees any given subject. The influence that the media has over people is no different when it comes to their representation of drugs. The stances that the electronic media take in any certain situation are the same stances that most of the viewing public is also going to take. That is why the electronic media must carefully pick and choose their battles. When it comes to the war on drugs, it seems that the electronic media takes a pretty solid negative stance against drugs, especially Schedule I and II drugs. There are many ways that the electronic media can influence the views of the public. The main source of influence that the electronic media has at their disposal is their power of creating stories that can put the drugs in a positive or negative light. It is up to each individual media arm to decide how they want to depict the story. One thing is for certain though, if a media group runs a story portraying marijuana as an â€Å"evil† drug and that it should be completely cleaned off the s... Free Essays on Media Images Of Drugs Free Essays on Media Images Of Drugs Depiction of Drugs in the Electronic Media â€Å"Because of the clear and present danger of Schedule I and II drugs, the electronic news media should reinforce our negative evaluations of Schedule I and II drugs by depicting them as causes of social evils† is a statement that has been debated for years. Should the electronic news media be held responsible for the way that they depict drugs? People have com accustomed to automatically believing the things they see on television and the news. Due to the electronic news media’s extreme influence over the people who follow the media, there is some truth to the above statement. People are influenced by the views of the media, so the media should carefully decide the way they want to depict Schedule I and II drugs in their stories and broadcasts. In my opinion, the news media should take a negative stance towards drugs. The electronic media has a great influence over the way the public sees any given subject. The influence that the media has over people is no different when it comes to their representation of drugs. The stances that the electronic media take in any certain situation are the same stances that most of the viewing public is also going to take. That is why the electronic media must carefully pick and choose their battles. When it comes to the war on drugs, it seems that the electronic media takes a pretty solid negative stance against drugs, especially Schedule I and II drugs. There are many ways that the electronic media can influence the views of the public. The main source of influence that the electronic media has at their disposal is their power of creating stories that can put the drugs in a positive or negative light. It is up to each individual media arm to decide how they want to depict the story. One thing is for certain though, if a media group runs a story portraying marijuana as an â€Å"evil† drug and that it should be completely cleaned off the s...

Chemical engineering design project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chemical engineering design project - Essay Example There is an increase in agricultural subsidies offered to farmers under the Single Payment Scheme (SPS). Table 1shows estimates of costs incurred in the SPS for 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. It is evident there is an increase in figures for the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 SPS(6.3M and 9.3M) and still further subsequent increase in 2010/2011. Biofuel producers also accrue tax exemptions. HMRC 2011 places tax per litre for biofuels, diesel and petrol to be equal. However, it is also perceived that exemptions are likely to affect government revenue earnings. Another factor that significantly influences the use of biofuels is caloric requirements required in comparison to pure petroleum. Biofuels have low caloric values and therefore a greater amount of biofuels are required to meet the energy output of petroleum products. Table 2 shows the amount of blended biofuel needed to meet the energy value of pure petroleum product (Chris and Wooders 24). Since the tax per litre is equal for both petroleum products and biofuels, then the cost for biofuels will be much higher compared to petroleum products. In consideration of petroleum being an input in the biofuel production, this has significant implications on costs of other inputs i.e. feedstock’s and transport services, therefore, affecting production costs. Table 3 projects that in 2020 bioethanol will be 16-35 pence per litre more expensive. On the other hand, biodiesel will be 29-42 pence per litre more expensive than the petroleum product they are intended to replace (Chris and Wooders 29). It is a requirement that biofuels comply with the sustainability criteria. This is an added cost to the producers (Chris and Wooders 32). GHG saving is set at 35% and from 2017 is expected to be at 50%. The introduction of sustainability criteria increases cost, and it is estimated to be at GBT 256milion. Therefore, it is likely that the

Saving the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Saving the world - Essay Example Notably, a vast majority of the tiger population is indigenous to the southeast and far-east Asia (Chundawat et al. 1). Due to continued conflict between tigers and humans, at least three subspecies of tigers are presently extinct while the remaining subspecies are under threat of extinction. In fact, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classified the remaining six subspecies of tigers as endangered with at least two subspecies being termed as critically endangered and on the brink of extinction (Chundawat et al. 1). Saving tigers is of critical importance since tigers are magnificent creatures, which are renowned for their ferociousness and prowess, and act as a major attraction to the wild scene. Consequently, tigers enhance revenue levels of the tourism industry (Dinerstein 510). The beauty and power inherent in the tiger species is beyond doubt. Tigers play an integral role in maintaining equilibrium in the ecosystem. Tigers are a significant link in the food chain, thus play a crucial environmental role. The tiger is an emblem of wilderness and typifies the well-being of the ecosystem. Therefore, saving tigers is tantamount to conserving the entire wilderness ecosystem. Tigers play a vital role in maintaining the health of the wilderness ecosystem since they represent top carnivores at the peak of the food chain. Consequently, the removal of such a top carnivore from the ecosystem can negatively impact the equilibrium of the ecosystem, for instance, by causing a marked abundance of herbivores within the food chain (Karanth et al. 173). Tigers, alongside other notable carnivores such as lions and leopards act as a pivotal control mechanism for herbivores in the wild. The habitats formerly set aside for tigers have reduced quite dramatically as a result of continued human intervention (Sanderson et al. 2). As a consequence, the global tiger population has diminished dramatically over the course of one century. In most countries, tig ers have been hunted for their body parts and skin, which are sold on the international black market. The international trade of tiger parts is presently a multi-billion dollar industry, which extends across all continents. At least one century ago, there were approximately 100,000 wild tigers; however, today, there are only about 3200 wild tigers (IUCN 1). Today, there are more tigers in captivity, for instance, in Texas, than there are wild tigers in their indigenous land (Asia). If the present trend ensues, the tiger population will dwindle and tigers will soon join animals such as mammoths on the extinct species list (Karanth and Sunquist 260). Current conservation efforts targeted at saving tigers are proving to be relatively ineffective since wrong practices such as poaching of tigers continues in the wild. In addition, if efforts to save the species fail, future generations will be unable to appreciate the majesty of these creatures as the only evidence of tigers will be foun d in museums. Furthermore, if tigers become extinct, they will subtract a significant part of the food chan, ultimately creating a lack of balance in the wild. Saving the existing tiger population is quite feasible, especially considering the urgency with which conservers are seeking and employing innovative ways of saving the species

Role of Dietary Intervention in Ameliorating Disability

Role of Dietary Intervention in Ameliorating Disability The Role of Dietary Intervention in Ameliorating Disability Experienced by Multiple Sclerosis Patients Mark M. Makar Hypothesis: Diet modification can significantly improve disability and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. Abstract (word count: 213) Hypothesis: Diet modification can significantly improve disability and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods: The PubMed database was searched on January 18, 2017 to identify studies relevant to this review. The database search combined terms from three themes: 1) multiple sclerosis patients 2) diet and 3) diet modification. This search yielded 118 articles for screening, with no duplicates. With abstract screening and inclusion criteria, 10 articles were included in this final review. Results: Modifying the diet of multiple sclerosis patients can greatly reduce fatigue and moderately help decrease symptoms experienced during this disease. Replacing animal based protein and saturated fatty acids from the diet, with plant-based alternatives that are high in starch showed noticeable improvement in symptoms experienced by multiple sclerosis patients. The plant based diet showed a decrease in inflammatory cells, damage of the blood brain barrier, demyelination, as well as axonal and oligodendrocyte injury. Conclusions: A variety of dietary modifications have been demonstrated to effectively improve quality of life and reduce disability in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. More studies are needed to assess the efficacy of dietary intervention with respect to reducing episodes of disability experienced by multiple sclerosis patients and including diet modification into the current disease modifying therapies available. Key Words: multiple sclerosis, diet modification, review Ultramini Abstract: A search of the PubMed database yielded 10 articles for review. A variety of randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case studies, cross sectional studies, and surveys regarding multiple sclerosis patients and diet modification to exclude animal protein from the diet and include only a plant based diet, can help to ameliorate disability. Introduction Multiple Sclerosis has an ongoing prevalence of 33% globally, with its incidence growing in North America and Europe (Evans C et al., 2013). Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is the number one cause of non-traumatic neurodegenerative disability in the young adult population, and is twice as common in women as men (Browne, P et al., 2014). The etiology of multiple sclerosis is still unknown; however, it is believed to have autoimmune origins. Patients tend to experience multiple sclerosis differently; the most common presenting symptoms include sensory (40%), motor (39%), fatigue (30%), and visual (30%), and urinary incontinence (17%) along with less common symptoms presenting as pain and cognitive decline (Evans C et al., 2013). The wide array of symptoms experienced in multiple sclerosis has sprung forth an influx of scholarly research on beneficial disease- modifying therapies (DMTs) and alternative non-traditional methods for treating multiple sclerosis. Many governments across the world subsidize the current platform therapies for multiple sclerosis across the world including interferon-beta and/ or glatiramer acetate (Browne, P et al., 2014). There is a considerable degree of variance between different levels of income groups in society with regards to accessibility of government-funded therapies for multiple sclerosis (Browne, P et al., 2014). Availability of government funded DMTs were accessible to 96% of high-income countries, 45% of lower to middle income countries, and none in the low-income countries (Browne, P et al., 2014). These surprising statistics have led to new research development, which focus on new treatment methods for multiple sclerosis that cannot only be efficacious, but also be economically accessible for all levels of socioeconomic statuses across the world. There is much speculation regarding cost effectiveness of current treatment regiments for multiple sclerosis with interferon-beta and/ or glatiramer ace tate. There is a common consensus that the current platform therapies are not cost effective for the long-term therapy of multiple sclerosis (Bogglid, M et al., 2009). Given the pathology of multiple sclerosis, it is believed that dietary factors play a key role in autoimmune degradation and can induce myelin breakdown in the central nervous system by molecular mimicry (Ashtari, F et al., 2015). Multiple sclerosis prevalence is believed to be high in regions furthest away from the equator, however recent research has found that these regions of the world also consume a greater amount of saturated fat and animal protein such as dairy (Swank, R et al., 1990). Diets high in animal protein saturated fatty acids tend to worsen progression of multiple sclerosis and increase relapse of symptoms (Hadgkiss, E et al., 2015).It has been proposed that dietary interventions such as low fat, plant-based diet may decrease autoimmune inflammation in the central nervous system and help maintain the protective integrity of the blood brain barrier (Riccio, P et al., 2016). Dietary modifications are thought to be both a cost effective and efficacious treatment option for mitigating symptoms experienced by multiple sclerosis patients such as loss of motor and or sensory function, as well as fatigue (Yadav, V et al., 2016). This paper aims to provide a practical overview of recent scholarly literature in order to answer the research question: Does diet modification significantly decrease the level of disability and improve the quality of life in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis? The review will be guided under the hypothesis: diet modification can significantly improve disability and quality of life in patients suffering with multiple sclerosis. Methods Articles about multiple sclerosis and diet modification were searched on January 19, 2017 using the databases Pub Med and Google Scholar. The database search combined terms from three themes: 1) multiple sclerosis patients (relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis OR primary progressive multiple sclerosis OR multiple sclerosis OR central nervous system demyelination OR autoimmune encephalomyopathy OR demyelinating disease 2) diet (food OR animal protein OR vegan diet OR plant based diet) and 3) diet modification (meal plan OR starch based diet). When searching for articles, screening settings were set to be within 10 years, English language, full text articles, review, meta-analysis, randomized control trials, and clinical trials. Boolean operators used were OR and AND; OR was used to extract specific terms from the three main themes. AND was used to connect the three themes used in this review. This search yielded 118 articles for screening, with no duplicates. With abstract screening and inclusion criteria, 10 articles were included in this final review. Inclusion Criteria All the articles used in this systemic review had to meet the following criteria: 1) English 2) patients with multiple sclerosis for at least 6 months 3) diet modification/ assesment or pharmacological treatment as intervention. The term multiple sclerosis was defined as patients showing symptoms for at least 6 months and diet modification was defined as any change in daily food intake. Exclusion Criteria Articles were excluded from the review if they were published prior to 2007 and/or were not written in the English language and/or if patients had any type of prior chronic disease other than multiple sclerosis. Results Randomized Controlled Studies In a randomized controlled study by Vijayshree Yadav et al, 61 patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis were monitored for a one-year period. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups: Diet group and control group. The diet group was placed on a strict starch plant based diet (potatoes, corn, beans, bread, sweet potato and rice), while the control group was allowed to continue with their usual diet (meat, eggs, dairy products, fish) throughout the study. Each participant was surveyed once every three months or the duration of the study during which disability, and fatigue levels were recorded (by the expanded disability status scale, EDSS and fatigue severity scale, FSS/ modified fatigue impact scale, MFIS respectively). Serum lipid levels and brain MRI were also recorded at the end of the twelve months. The results observed demonstrated a significant reduction (pFigure 1 shows a summary of fatigue improvement throughout the duration of the study. These fin dings suggest that intervention with a plant-based diet does indeed help reduce fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. Figure 1: Graph of Fatigue Scores as Measured by FSS score (A) and MFIS score (B) over a 12 Month Time Span In a similar randomized control trial by Anja Mahler et al, 18 patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group was started on 600 mg green tea catechin capsule per day and the control group received a placebo capsule for 12 weeks. A 4-week period was allotted during crossover to assure a sufficient wash out period. The results observed determined there was a significant increase in efficiency of muscle work from 20 (SD= 3) in the placebo group to 25 (SD= 6) in the intervention group (p>0.004). This finding suggests that intervention with plant based green tea extract helps to decrease muscle fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. Cohort and Cross Sectional Studies: Emily Hadgkiss et al surveyed 2087 patients with multiple sclerosis globally. The comprehensive online survey inquired about dietary habits, quality of life, disability, and relapse rate. Dietary habits were assessed using the Diet Habits Questionnaire (DHQ), baseline quality of life was calculated using the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life scale (MSQOL-54), and disability was calculated by using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results of this study demonstrated that patients who reported higher intake of fruits and vegetables and low intake of fats had significantly higher physical health scores (PHC) ranging from 54 to 68 (pFigure 2 and Figure 3 shows a brief summary of these results. Figure 2: Mean Physical Health Composite by Dietary Factors   Ã‚   Figure 3: Mean Mental Health Composite by Dietary Factors Another significant finding in this study showed that patients who consumed meat and dairy had much poorer disability scores 624 (pTable 1. The frequency ofmultiple sclerosis disease activity was also significantly increased in meat and dairy consumers, 309% and 271% respectively (p Table 1: Level of disability and disease activity by dietary subgroups Soodeh Jahromi et al surveyed the diets of 75 women with multiple sclerosis from Iran. Dietary patterns were assessed using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). This study found patients whos diet consisted mainly of animal fat (high in animal fats, potato, other meat products, sugars, hydrogenated fats and low in whole grains, spices, and poultry without skin) had higher incidence of multiple sclerosis (OR = 1.99; CI: 1.63-2.94; P = 0.04), and patients who had a vegetable based diet (high in green leafy vegetables, hydrogenated fats, tomato, yellow vegetables, fruit juices, onion, and other vegetables) had lower incidence of multiple sclerosis. (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.19-0.90; P = 0.026). These findings suggest an inverse relationship between high amount of hydrogenated fats, green leafy vegetables, fruit juices, and other vegetables and risk of multiple sclerosis. A longitudinal retrospective analysis was conducted by Weinstock-Guttman et al, where lipid levels of 492 multiple sclerosis patients were assessed for one a year time period. The study deduced that increasing LDL (p Geeta Ramsaransing et al investigated the levels of 23 dietary nutrients in 80 patients with multiple sclerosis: 27 with benign course multiple sclerosis, 32 with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, and 21 with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. The secondary progressive group demonstrated significant decreases in magnesium intake (p In a cohort study by Mike Bogglid et al, 5583 multiple sclerosis patients in the UK were monitored from May 2002 to April 2005 in an effort to establish the long term cost effectiveness of current platform therapy (interferon-beta and/ or glatiramer acetate) for multiple sclerosis. Following the duration of the study, 49% of patients that were on platform therapy were found to have experienced progressive deterioration in EDSS 2.68 at baseline, 2.90 after one year, and 3.24 after two years (p Case Control Studies In a comparable study to Soodeh Jahromi et als work, a cross sectional analysis by Tatjana Pekmezomiv et al was conducted to investigate possible dietary trends in patients living with multiple sclerosis. The dietary habits of 110 multiple sclerosis patients were compared to 110 healthy controls. Results showed that meat intake such as chicken (OR=2.0, p=0.045), lamb (OR=2.1, p=0.013), and beef (OR=1.7, p=0.043) was significantly higher in multiple sclerosis patients as compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the study found that multiple sclerosis patients consumed significantly higher levels of ice cream (OR=0.18, p=0.031) and butter (OR=1.7, p=0.056) in comparison to controls. Table 2 shows a brief summary of these results. These findings suggest that there is a significant association between dietary intake of meat products such as chicken, lamb, and beef, as well as ice cream and butter to the disease in question. This may suggest that removal or reduction of said food items may be beneficial in decreasing the incidence of multiple sclerosis. Table 2: Consumption frequency of different food groups and food items in MS patients and controls Fereshteh asharti et al conducted a case control study in order to evaluate cows milk allergy (CMA) in multiple sclerosis patients versus healthy individuals. The authors compared 48 multiple sclerosis patients with 48 healthy controls. After 16 weeks there were no differences in the frequency of CMA between the two groups. Contrary from the results of Emily Hadgkiss et als study, the study done by Vahid Shaygannejad et al, found that there was a higher frequency of dairy products consumed by healthy control individuals (67%, p=0.01) compared to multiple sclerosis patients. These findings suggest that there is no reliable association between milk consumption and risk of multiple sclerosis development. Discussion This review attempted to answer the question: Does diet modification significantly decrease the level of disability and improve the quality of life in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis? The general shared consensus of articles included in this review support the proposed hypothesis of diet modification can, indeed, significantly improve disability and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients (Hadgkiss E et al., 2015; Jahromi S et al., 2012; Shaygannejad V et al., 2016; Yadav V et al., 2016; Ramsaransing G et al., 2009; Jahroomi S., 2012; Pekmezovic T et al., 2012). However, one article concluded that consumption of animal protein in the form of milk did not increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (Shaygannejad V et al., 2016). However, these findings should not be generalized to the general population as the sample size used was too small and did not represent a true spectrum of multiple sclerosis prevalence across the world. The remaining articles reviewed corroborated that removal of both animal based protein and saturated fatty acids from the diet, and their replacement, high starch, plant-based alternatives, provided improved disability and fatigue in patients suffering from this disease (Pekmezovic T et al., 2012; Yadav V et al., 2016). The plant based, high starch diet (potato and rice) was found not only be an efficacious treatment option for mitigating symptoms experienced by multiple sclerosis patients but is also economically accessible for all levels of society across the world. It is also evident that most clinicians involved in the articles reviewed, found enough evidence in their research to warrant providing advice to patients with multiple sclerosis about the importance of healthy diet modification in regards to their condition (Hadgkiss E et al., 2015; Jahromi S et al., 2012; Yadav V et al., 2016; Ramsaransing G et al., 2009;). Many of the articles reviewed used a survey platform to assess the diets of multiple sclerosis patients; this may have had some effect on the results due to the nature of the retrospective study design used, making way for possible recall bias, hence potential misreporting of dietary intake (Pekmezovic T et al., 2012; Hadgkiss, E et al., 2015;). As well, since many of the articles used a food frequency survey approach, it may have limited the interventions possible with regards to experimenting with different types of foods that may have improved or worsened multiple sclerosis outcomes. A common limitation in this review is that none of the articles inquired about portion sizes of their meals, just food items (Hadgkiss E et al., 2015; Jahromi S et al., 2012; Yadav V et al., 2016; Ramsaransing G et al., 2009; Jahroomi S., 2012;). Across all articles reviewed, mean age of the study population was between 30- 47 years; therefore the results of this review may not be true for younger or more elderly patients. Many of the researchers in this review found it difficult to recruit many subjects due to health concerns regarding a low protein diet (Hadgkiss E et al., 2015; Jahromi S et al., 2012; Yadav V et al., 2016; Ramsaransing G et al., 2009; Jahroomi S., 2012). It is possible that the results observed with regards to studying the diets of multiple sclerosis patients may have been due to associations with other confounding variables. It is also important to note that given the disabling nature of multiple sclerosis as a disease state, many of the patients may be relying on a caregiver or family member for their meals, which may influence their dietary intake. Limitations encountered in this review include only utilizing articles written within the past 10 years, articles collected from only two databases (PubMed and Google Scholar), and articles were only included only if they were published in the English language. Future research may consider standardizing meal portion sizes during experimentation as various parts of the world have varying standard portion sizes. Future studies should also consider accounting for possible supplementation use in the participants such as vitamin and mineral intake. This would help diminish possible confounding variable. Future research may also utilizing experimental analysis encompassing a larger age range. All together, these factors would help encompass a much broader spectrum of patients living with multiple sclerosis. Conclusion In conclusion, diet modification has been shown to be a viable option not only for effectively improving quality of life, and reducing disability in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, but also in lowering the risk of developing the disease. Evidence showed that removal of both animal based protein and saturated fatty acids from the diet, and replacing them with plant-based alternatives which are high in starch showed noticeable improvement in muscle weakens and fatigue levels. Unfortunately we do not have sufficient research that definitively demonstrates that diet modification can be used alone without traditional medication to prevent and/ or treat multiple sclerosis. Additional studies are needed to assess the efficacy of dietary intervention with respect to reducing episodes of disability experienced by multiple sclerosis patients and including diet modification into the current disease modifying therapies available. References Ashtari, Fereshteh, Fatemeh Jamshidi, Raheleh Shokouhi Shoormasti, Zahra Pourpak, and Mojtaba Akbari. Cows milk allergy in multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 18, no. Suppl 1 (2013): S62. PMCID: PMC3743324 Boggild, Mike., Palace, Jackie., Barton, Pelham., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Bregenzer, Thomas., Dobson, Charles., Gray, R. (2009). Multiple sclerosis risk sharing scheme: two year results of clinical cohort study with historical comparator. BMJ, 339, b4677. http://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/339/bmj.b4677.full.pdf. Browne, P., Chandraratna, D., Angood, C., Tremlett, H., Baker, C., Taylor, B. V., Thompson, A. J. (2014). Atlas of Multiple Sclerosis 2013: A growing global problem with widespread inequity. Neurology, 83(11), 1022-1024. http://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000768 Guggenmos, Johannes, Anna S. Schubart, Sherry Ogg, Magnus Andersson, Tomas Olsson, Ian H. Mather, and Christopher Linington. Antibody cross-reactivity between myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and the milk protein butyrophilin in multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Immunology 172, no. 1 (2004): 661-668. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.1.661 Emily J Hadgkiss, George A Jelinek, Tracey J Weiland, Naresh G Pereira, Claudia H Marck Dania M van der Meer (2015) The association of diet with quality of life, disability, and relapse rate in an international sample of people with multiple sclerosis, Nutritional Neuroscience, 18:3, 125-136, DOI: 10.1179/1476830514Y.0000000117 Evans, Charity, S-G. Beland, Sophie Kulaga, Christina Wolfson, Elaine Kingwell, James Marriott, Marcus Koch et al. Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the Americas: a systematic review. Neuroepidemiology 40, no. 3 (2013): 195-210. doi: 10.1159/000342779. Jahroomi, Soode., Toghae, Mansoureh., Razeghu Jahromi, M., Aloosh, Mahdi. (2012). Dietary pattern and risk of multiple sclerosis. Iranian Journal of Neurology. 11(2), 47-53. PMCID: PMC3829243 Joscelyn, Jennifer., Kasper, Lloyde. H. (2014). Digesting the emerging role for the gut microbiome in central nervous system demyelination. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 20 (12), 1553-1559. DOI: 10.1177/1352458514541579 Mà ¤hler, Anja, Jochen Steiniger, Markus Bock, Lars Klug, Nadine Parreidt, Mario Lorenz, Benno F. Zimmermann, Alexander Krannich, Friedemann Paul, and Michael Boschmann. Metabolic response to epigallocatechin-3-gallate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition 101, no. 3 (2015): 487-495. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.075309 Otaegui, David, Sara Mostafavi, Claude CA Bernard, Adolfo Lopez de Munain, Parvin Mousavi, Jorge R. Oksenberg, and Sergio E. Baranzini. Increased transcriptional activity of milk-related genes following the active phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Immunology 179, no. 6 (2007): 4074-4082. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.4074 Pekmezovic, Tatjana D., Darija B. Kisic Tepavcevic, Sarlota T. Mesaros, Irena B. Dujmovic Basuroski, Nebojsa S. Stojsavljevic, and Jelena S. Drulovic. Food and dietary patterns and multiple sclerosis: a case-control study in Belgrade (Serbia). Italian Journal of Public Health 6, no. 1 (2012). http://ijphjournal.it/article/view/5808 Ramsaransing, Geeta, Mellema, Sanne. A., De Keyser, J. (2009). Dietary patterns in clinical subtypes of multiple sclerosis: an exploratory study. Nutrition journal, 8(1), 36. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-8-36 Riccio, Paolo, and Rocco Rossano. Nutrition facts in multiple sclerosis. ASN neuro 7, no. 1 (2015): doi: 10.1177/1759091414568185 Riccio, Paolo., Rossano, Rocco., Liuzzi, G. Maria. (2011). May diet and dietary supplements improve the wellness of multiple sclerosis patients? A molecular approach. Autoimmune diseases, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/249842 Riccio, Paolo, Rocco Rossano, Marilena Larocca, Vincenzo Trotta, Ilario Mennella, Paola Vitaglione, Michele Ettorre et al. Anti-inflammatory nutritional intervention in patients with relapsing-remitting and primary-progressive multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. Experimental Biology and Medicine 241, no. 6 (2016): 620-635. DOI: 10.1177/1535370215618462 Shaygannejad, Vahid, Nooshin Rezaie, Zamzam Paknahad, Freshteh Ashtari, and Helia Maghzi. The environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis susceptibility: A case-control study. Advanced Biomedical Research 5 (2016). doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.183665 Swank, R. L., and B. Brewer Dugan Effect of low saturated fat diet in early and late cases of multiple sclerosis. The Lanet 336, no. 8706(1990): 37-39. DOI:10.1016/0140-6736(90)91533 Tlaskalovà ¡-Hogenovà ¡, Helena, Renata Ã…Â  tĆºpà ¡nkovà ¡, Hana Kozà ¡kovà ¡, Tomà ¡Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡ Hudcovic, Luca Vannucci, Ludmila TuÄ kovà ¡, Pavel Rossmann et al. The role of gut microbiota (commensal bacteria) and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer: contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases. Cellular molecular immunology 8, no. 2 (2011): 110-120. http://www.nature.com/cmi/journal/v8/n2/abs/cmi201067a.html Vieira, Silvio. M., Pagovich, Odelya. E., Kriegel, Martin. A. (2014). Diet, microbiota and autoimmune diseases. Lupus, 23(6), 518-526. doi: 10.1177/0961203313501401 Weinstock-Guttman, Bianca, Robert Zivadinov, Naeem Mahfooz, Ellen Carl, Allison Drake, Jaclyn Schneider, Barbara Teter et al. Serum lipid profiles are associated with disability and MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis. Journal of neuroinflammation 8, no. 1 (2011): 127.DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-127 Yadav, Vijayshree., Marracci, Gaild., Kim, Edward., Spain, Rebecca., Cameron, Michelle., Overs, Shanon., Murchison, C. (2016). Low-fat, plant-based diet in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 9, 80-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.07.001. Appendix First Author Population Year of Publication Study Design Outcome Ashtari, F. 48 patients with Multiple Sclerosis and 48 healthy patients as control group, mean age 30.7 March 18, 2013 Case control Study Serum IgE levels against cows milk antigen was taken from both groups. Results were very similar between both groups and showed no statistical significance (30.7  ± 6.9 vs. 30.9  ± 6.3 respectively, P value = 0.83) Boggild, M. 5583 patients with multiple sclerosis monitored from May 2002 to April 2005 from neurology clinics across the UK August 5, 2009 Prospective Cohort Study Patients received Interferon Beta treatment to determine long term cost effectiveness. Results showed worse disability progression than in the untreated group (deviation score of 113%; increase in mean disability status scale 0.28) Hadgkiss, E. 2087 patients with multiple sclerosis, mean age 45.5 participated in a comprehensive online survey March 17, 2014 Cross Sectional Study

the eu egyptian partnership :: essays research papers

A new round of EU - Egyptian association agreement negotiations started in Cairo with the objective of ratifying an agreement between the two sides. During their two-day deliberations the two sides will discuss three main issues, covering "renovation of industry, the exports, rules of origin (the original source of the production) and agriculture." A comprehensive report will be submitted on the results of the meetings which will conclude today to the political leadership in Egypt and the European Union to take the proper decision concerning pending issues, foremost being agricultural issues. The Egyptian side is led by chief of the partnership unity at the Egyptian Foreign Ministry, Gamal al Bayoumi, and the EU by the head of unity, Peter Zingle Taking part in the session were a number of negotiators in all matters debated for discussions, especially agricultural issues. It is expected that number of these issues will be totally settled at the end of the meetings, and a number of agricultural issues will be left for decisions to be taken on the political level by the European and Egyptian sides. The new round of negotiations for Egyptian partnership with the European Union, is to be held in Cairo, on November 9 - 12. Egypt's assistant foreign minister and chairman of Egyptian - European partnership, Gamal Bayoumi, said that the new talks are aimed at resolving as many issues as possible, so the EU and Egypt can submit subjects that are not settled yet to their political leadership. Despite grave shortcomings in environmental provisions, the EU's association and trade agreement with Egypt has been adopted at the EU's General Council meeting in Luxembourg from 21-22 June 1999, warns Friends of the Earth Europe (FoEE), a federation of independent environmental groups in 29 countries. The association agreement now needs to be reviewed in a high-level ministerial committee in Egypt, then to be signed in autumn and afterwards ratified in the 15 EU national parliaments and the European Parliament. 'At this stage we will call upon government representatives in the EU and in the Egyptian government not to sign the agreement. Deficiencies in environmental protection measures first need to be rectified so that an association agreement will lead to the benefit for the people and the environment', says Alexandra Wandel, Trade and Sustainability expert of FoEE. 'The EU committed itself in various EU and international agreements to incorporate environmental considerations int o all its community policies. The EU does not live up to its commitments in the association agreement with Egypt.

The Women Suffrage Movement (1840 -1920)

It would seem unbelievable that the women who lived before the 19th century were confined to their homes and actually had no freedom to choose the leaders that they wanted simply because they could not vote.This was not until the suffrage movement was formed to fight for the women's right to vote. During this time, men were still seen as more superior and women were only allowed to manage and participate in the domestic roles (Rossi 6).Only adult males were allowed to vote. Even though, they had to own property in order to qualify to vote. With changes in education and social conditions, women in the 19th century began to seek their rights and equality with men and top in their agenda was the right of women to vote just like their male counterparts.This saw the rise of the women suffrage movement of 1840 to 1920. The birth of this revolution is said to have occurred at a women rights meeting in Seneca Falls in New York. Women could see they were limited by their place in the society and in the Seneca Falls meeting the ‘Created Equal' campaign was launched (Rossi 8).Despite the many challenges that the women faced during this movement and an eighty years struggle, theirs became a won battle when the 19th amendment was signed in 1920 giving women the right to vote in national elections (Sochen 176).A suffragist known as Elizabeth Cady Stanton is the one that introduced women's sentiments at the Seneca Falls convection and wrote the plan for the feminist movement (Sochen 131). Later, together with Susan B. Anthony, she led women in the movement to fight for their rights of equality and their freedom to vote. Other significant leaders and suffrages included Lucretia Mott, Lucy Stone, Alice Paul, Virginia minor and Sojourner Truth.Elizabeth Stanton became the leading feminist philosopher guiding the American women towards the achievement of women's right. She was a determined woman rights activist who despite her responsibility as a wife and mother devoted as much time as she could in the movement (Salibury 131).Susan Anthony worked closely with Elizabeth and the two were said to be inseparable. Elizabeth is even said to have written Susan's speech at the Seneca Falls meeting. Susan was an acknowledged spokeswoman for the campaigns of the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) formed in 1878. She also wrote a magazine on women rights (Sochen 131). Alice Paul founded the founded the national women's party.The main objectives of this movement were for women to acquire their rights to vote equal to that of their male counterparts. The movement also sought to defend African American women who even after being granted franchise were not included in the fourteenth and fifteenth amends that gave them an equal opportunity to vote regardless of their race.The reasoning behind this movement is that no one should be denied a right to vote based on their gender or race. They wanted the fifteenth amend not only to include right to vote irrespective of race and color but to also include gender (Rossi 17). Other reasons were specialized for example in Utah; women believed that their rights to vote would bring an end to polygamy.The women suffrage movement managed to gain government support in granting voting rights to women. This they did through numerous campaigns and gaining the support of women all over America to support them. Many conferences and organizations to campaign for women rights to vote were organized in the leadership of Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton.In 1871, about fifteen women registered and participated in the elections. Susan was arrested and in the following years, several more were arrested and harassed. The largest campaign was held in 1913 in Washington D. C when around five thousand women paraded showing signatures of one million women supporting suffrage for women (Rossi 35).Apart from national wide campaigns, women pursued suffrage in individual towns and gradually many of them were granted the rights to vote. Grants of suffrage were more successful in the west with the first suffrage succeeding in Wyoming in 1869. Other examples by years are Illinois; 1891, California; 1911, Arizona and Oregon; 1912 and Montana; 1914.The women of Utah were defeated after they voted for polygamy. The women suffrage was first introduced to the congress in 1915. The bill failed at least two times when it did not gain the support of two thirds majority required to pass a bill in the senate.   Women started participating in politics and being voted for positions in the government (Sochen 178, 179).

The Banning Of The Headscarf - 1229 Words

In most countries around the world, it is not uncommon to see a woman in an article of clothing that is representative of the Muslim faith and history. This type of dress is typically worn in countries located in the Middle East. The wardrobe of a woman in these countries would contain articles such as an al-Amira, burka, or a hijab. Some women wear these clothing items for religious or traditional purposes, but others wear them solely by choice. However, there are certain countries around the world that oppose the wearing of certain Muslim-style clothing. One country in particular, Turkey, does not issue total support of the wearing of headscarves for women. In fact, the government has issued a ban on the wearing of headscarves by women in government facilitated places. The banning of the headscarf is a heavily debated subject in Turkey due to political and social beliefs of the Turkish people. Since the ban was put into existence, the Turkish people, specifically women, have felt t he negative effects that have resulted from it. The headscarf is an item of clothing that is worn by Turkish women for several reasons, not solely for religious practices. The scarf has a deep history behind it, stemming from the Ottoman influence on the Middle East. Since the beginning of the headscarf wearing, the framework of the headscarf has developed into many different ideals. Different groups of women wear the item for different purposes. Marlene Breau explains that the scarf can beShow MoreRelatedIs the Ban on Muslim Headscarves in French Schools Justified?1271 Words   |  6 PagesI will advance the thesis that the banning on Muslim headscarves in French schools is not justified. By saying that the French ban on Muslim headscarves in public schools is not justified, I mean that, even though this ban was implemented as a means to neutralize public space, in hope of developing autonomy, as well as to protect females’ rights in traditional Muslim communities, the ban actually infringes on a more pressing rights of a person, and thus means that it is not justified as it does moreRead MoreSnow By Orhan Pamuk : Final Paper1371 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude non-Muslims in the discourse and debate. In Snow, the headscarves controversy overshadowed turkey and the modernized state, the secularist elites implement secularism by forcing women to unveil themselves in public. This is done through banning headscarf wearing in schools and public buildings, thus, executing its control over Muslim women. In response, Muslim women, who are represented by the character named Kadife, Hande, and Teslime, resist the domination to defend their rights upon wearingRead MoreThe Controversy Of American Muslims And European Muslims980 Words   |  4 Pagesexperts argue that the influx of immigrants is necessary to combat the inevitable social security and aging workers crisis, yet others argue technology will solve the problem (Glazer, 2010). With tensions high, questions come to the limelight over the banning of burqa’s in European countries, and the effects these policies will have on future immigration to Europe (Glazer, 2010). In general, what are the main differences between American Muslims and European Muslims? While American Muslims are mainlyRead MoreThe Folly Of Secularism By Jeffrey Stout1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Muslim headscarf, or Hijab has been a matter of ongoing debate and controversy in the secular state that is France. Secularism does not exist in a vacuum in France it builds upon ‘complicated emotional inheritance, specifically the negotiation between the religious and state secularism which appears to continually lead to an image of hostility being constructed for Islam, despite the promotion of universality that is allegedly key to the French Republic. This essay discusses the Hijab in FranceRead MoreThe Justice And Development Party1089 Words   |  5 Pagesand why was it formed? Throughout the 1990s, headscarfs was one of the problems for the secularist to preserve power in public. At this time period, The Welfare party, also known as RP, was in power. This was a secularist party and had strict laws and bans on practicing Islam. They had banned headscarfs in pu blic, but still many people ignored this law. The party kept on banning and separating religion from the state, which initially led to their banning from turkish politics in 1998. In the same yearRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1207 Words   |  5 PagesFrance, it is being alienated and treated like an inferior minority, despite intentions of the constitution. This is particularly evident within â€Å"The 2004 law banning the Islamic headscarf from being worn in public schools in the name of of laà ¯cità ©.† (Krasnyy, J 2015). Many of the French agreed with the law, justifying the Muslim headscarf as a symbol of women’s oppression, however, they fail to acknowledge that the law itself is oppressive because it discriminates the right of acess to educationRead MoreFrance and Human Rights2016 Words   |  9 Pagesbe practiced in private. In 2004, France issued a law banning any religious symbols in public schools. This law was not created to single any one reli gion out, but the largest backlash came from the Muslim communities. In an article written by the Human Rights Watch in February 2004, executive director Kenneth Roth stated, â€Å"The proposed law is an unwarranted infringement on the right to religious practice. For many Muslims, wearing a headscarf is not only about religious expression, it is about religiousRead MoreHijab Battles Around the World2894 Words   |  12 Pagesbecause of the possibility of an opportunity for their family and children, something that they may not have back home. In order for a Muslim woman to distinguish herself from others, she dresses a certain way - either burkha, hijab or niqab. The headscarf covering is an identifier that a woman has reached a fertile age and depending on the way she wears it, in most Islamic practices, can be distinguished if she is available for marriage or already married. Hijab is a mandatory religious practiceRead MoreUnderstanding Of Securitization By Breaking Down Discourse1413 Words   |  6 Pagesreligious practices and organizations of Islam itself. Maybe, the most unmistakable sign of this manifestations has been the headscarf contentions. In spite of the fact that veil discussions have been a historical issues several states, it picked up momentum after 9/11 as a result of rising concerns and worries about Islam. Scott (2007, p. 3) proposes: Banning the headscarf or veil is a symbolic motion; for some countries it is a method for standing firm against Islam, announcing whole Muslim massesRead MoreEssay on Religion and Public Policy2873 Words   |  12 Pagesin 2004, when French lawmakers banned ostentatious religious symbols – most notably the Islamic headscarf, Jewish yarmulkes and large crosses as worn by some Christian believers - from public schools across the country (Adrian 345). More specifically, the significance of the Mus lim veil was sacrificed to the greater concern of state politics. As an ostentatious religious symbol, the Islamic headscarf became an obstacle for collective citizenship; people saw it as a threat to French understandings